Veneration of the dead
Love and respect for the dead across cultures.
The veneration of the dead, including one's ancestors, is based on love and respect for the deceased. In some cultures, it is related to beliefs that the dead have a continued existence and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living. Some groups venerate their direct, familial ancestors, while certain religious groups, such as the Eastern Orthodox Churches, Anglican Church, and Catholic Church, venerate saints as intercessors with God. Other religious groups consider veneration of the dead to be idolatry and a sin. The practice appears in all human cultures documented so far and remains an important component of various religious practices in modern times.
- label
- Veneration of the dead
- field
- Religious and cultural practice
- known_for
- Honoring deceased ancestors and saints; seeking intercession or expressing filial piety
- cultures
- European, Asian, Oceanian, African, Afro-diasporic
- related_religions
- Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, Catholic, Confucian, Buddhist, Serer, traditional African and Malagasy religions
Lore & Background
Ancestor reverence is not the same as the worship of a deity. In some Afro-diasporic cultures, ancestors are seen as able to intercede on behalf of the living, often as messengers between humans and God. In cultures influenced by Confucius, asking for favors is secondary to expressing filial piety. Some cultures believe ancestors need to be provided for by their descendants, while others do not believe ancestors are aware of what their descendants do, but that the expression of filial piety is what is important. Most cultures do not call these practices 'ancestor worship' in the sense of devotion accorded a deity; the phrase 'ancestor veneration' may convey a more accurate sense.
Reader's Guide
The veneration of the dead serves both religious and social functions. Religiously, it may involve beliefs that the dead can influence the fortune of the living, act as intercessors, or require offerings. Socially, it cultivates kinship values such as filial piety, family loyalty, and continuity of the family lineage. The practice occurs in societies with every degree of social, political, and technological complexity. In West and Southeast Africa, ancestor veneration is prevalent and serves as the basis of many religions, often augmented by a belief in a supreme being. In Madagascar, veneration of ancestors has led to traditions such as tomb building and the famadihana, where remains are exhumed and rewrapped. In China, ancestor veneration seeks to honor and recollect the actions of the deceased, representing the ultimate homage to the dead. David-Barrett and Carney claim that ancestor veneration might have served a group coordination role during human evolution, fostering group cohesion.
Did You Know?
- In some Afro-diasporic cultures, ancestors are seen as messengers between humans and God.
- In Madagascar, the famadihana involves exhuming a deceased family member's remains to rewrap them in fresh silk shrouds.
- In China, the shi was a Zhou dynasty sacrificial representative of a dead relative, into whom the ancestral spirit supposedly would enter.
- David-Barrett and Carney claim ancestor veneration might have served a group coordination role during human evolution.
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